# Recital (105)

General-purpose AI models, in particular large generative AI models, capable of generating text, images, and other 
content, present unique innovation opportunities but also challenges to artists, authors, and other creators and the 
way their creative content is created, distributed, used and consumed. The development and training of such models 
require access to vast amounts of text, images, videos and other data. Text and data mining techniques may be used 
extensively in this context for the retrieval and analysis of such content, which may be protected by copyright and 
related rights. Any use of copyright protected content requires the authorisation of the rightsholder concerned 
unless relevant copyright exceptions and limitations apply. Directive (EU) 2019/790 introduced exceptions and 
limitations allowing reproductions and extractions of works or other subject matter, for the purpose of text and data 
Digital Single Market and amending Directives 96/9/EC and 2001/29/EC (OJ L 130, 17.5.2019, p. 92).

mining, under certain conditions. Under these rules, rightsholders may choose to reserve their rights over their 
works or other subject matter to prevent text and data mining, unless this is done for the purposes of scientific 
research. Where the rights to opt out has been expressly reserved in an appropriate manner, providers of 
general-purpose AI models need to obtain an authorisation from rightsholders if they want to carry out text and 
data mining over such works.

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Source: Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (Artificial Intelligence Act) as amended by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, consolidated text of 27 July 2026 (Official Journal of the EU). This page is AI-generated legal information, not legal advice. Verify against the Official Journal.
Canonical: https://euaiactlaw.com/recital/105